Frank Jackson Functionalism Essay - 1403 Words

In this essay, the main focus will be on functionalism and its theory from the philosopher Hilary Putnam. This essay will explain what functionalism is and will show examples of functionalism and how it is used in daily in people’s lifestyles. Putnam’s theory is a brilliant theory, but has its flaws, which will be explained in more detail down below. The philosopher Frank Jackson has an objection towards functionalism and theory of the mind as a whole. I do believe that functionalism can provide a complete account of the nature of mind, but Putnam has minor flaws in his theory and my reasoning’s come from Jackson’s theory, which will be down below to justify my opinion. Functionalism is the doctrine that makes something a thought, pain, or†¦show more content†¦Putnam uses the Turing Machine example to introduce the term Probabilistic Automata. Probabilistic Automata is one concept of the Turing Machine that introduces the mind states is just functional states. The functional state of Probabilistic Automata consists of sensory inputs and motor outputs. ‘Putnam demonstrates how the sensory inputs and motor outputs are a part of a machine table’ (Suarez, pp.24). He illustrates how distinctive states are related to one another and how sensory and motor outputs are ‘transitional probabilities’ that are given to a machine table (p.434, Putnam). Hilary Putnam s main argument and theory is â€Å"being in pain is a functional state of the organism† (p.434, Putnam). Probabilistic Automata means that all organisms are capable of feeling pain and it is able to identify when organism are in pain. The theory of functionalism is what allows each organism to ‘model mechanically’, and it is able to calculate mathematically different situations that are relevant to functionalism (Suarez, pp.33). In The Nature of Mind, Chapter 21, Putnam compares functionalism and the brain state theory, and then compares functionalism and behaviorism. When he is comparing the theories he gives examples why functionalism is a better theory. For example, Putnam says, â€Å"Consider what the brain-state theorist has to do to make good claims. He has to specify a physical-chemical such that any organism is in pain, if and only if it possesses a brainShow MoreRelatedWhy Functionalism Is A Better Theory Than Identity Theory1231 Words   |  5 PagesIn this essay, I am going to write a response to the objection raised by the functionalists towards identity theory. Identity theory is a form of physicalism; it states that a particular mental state is identical to a particular physical state of body and brain, for instance mental sensation such as pain is simply just the firing of C-fibres (Smart, 1959). This is a reductionist view as it reduces our psychological state to a materialistic and physical form. A prominent objection against identityRead MoreNationalism and Transnationalism in the Context of the European Union28567 Words   |  115 PagesErnest Gellner. Those authors are recognized as major theoreticians of this matter. Furthermore, in an attempt to redefine nationalism in the perspective of the transnational integration, additional theories by Rogers Brubaker, Hans J. Morgenthau, P. Jackson and J. Penrose, are reviewed. This requires a presentation of the historical and contemporary tendencies of the process of European Integration. Being aware of the fact that a literature on that subject has grown significantly in the last

Essay about Mackinder or Mahan - 2123 Words

Who is more useful for understanding contemporary Geopolitics: Mackinder or Mahan? Use a major power to illustrate your points. In the current century that we live, the world is becoming a smaller place from the effects of technology and globalisation. In the 19th and 20th century, the theoretical works of Mahan and Mackinder were drivers of geopolitical thought. Both theorists’ have a similar framework where they studied political power, military strength and how they were affected by geographic space. In the modern era, geopolitics is very similar to traditional thought, which is why these theorists, in particular Mahan, are arguably still applicable to contemporary geopolitics. The ideologies that are held together by Mackinder and†¦show more content†¦His second trident, grammar, provides the rules of preparing for warfare and naval readiness. It consists martially and operational in nature, through production and overseas markets and bases. Holmes and Yoshihara (2010) come to appreciate the relevance of Mahan’s logic, more than his grammar. The grammar of combat is out-dated, providing that the last fleet engagement was at the Leyte Gulf in 1944. An extremely relevant question regarding the United States’ need for an immediate fleet is extremely relevant. An interesting discussion made by Holmes and Yoshihara (2010) addresses the questionable issue about the United States needing to have high-end ships and criticises the mindset in which the nation has regarding contemporary geopolitics and outcomes for the future of naval warfare. Mahan used six principles that primarily affect a nations ability to become a powerful sea power: geographical position, physical conformation, extent of territory, size of the population, character of the people, and character of the government. Parker (2003) stated these conditions â€Å"were valid requirements for national power in the late 19th century, are valid requirements for national powerShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Mahans Advocacy For Sea Power Against Mackinders Views On A Nations Economic Prosperity And Security1709 Words   |  7 Pageswritings of Mahan and Mackinder are often portrayed as two purist theories opposing one another. Scholars pit Mahan’s advocacy for sea power against Mackinder’s insights into the benefits of land power and soon the real genius of both is lost. (For examples, see Dodds and Sidaway 292, 2004 and Colls 238-239, 2002 as cited in Dodds and Sidaway 293, 2004 and Holmes and Yoshihara 25, 2005). In truth, in almost every respect, Mahan’s and Mackinder’s views are complementary. While Mahan does emphasizeRead MoreList Of Abbreviations And Abbreviations10695 Words   |  43 Pagesand controlled the sea routes. This made them conquer most of Europe, parts of Africa and the Middle East for their own imperial growth. Centuries later, Sir Halford Mackinder (1904) came up with the ‘heartland’ theory which stated that,‘the more the vast lands a state acquired the more powerful the state would became.’ Alfred Mahan (1890) came up with the ‘sea power’ theory which stated that,‘by controlling the waters and all its sea routes, the more powerful the state would become’ (kivoto, 2012)

Case Stud of Apple-Free-Samples for Students- Myassignementhelp

Questions: 1.Review Apples supply chain for its iPhone product. What difference set it apart from its Competitors? 2.What are Apples key advantages in how it manages its supply chain Operations? 3.What are the challenges that Apple faces in the future, and what are the implications for its Supple Chain? 4.As Jessica Grant, what recommendations would you make to the companys vice-president, Phillip Duchene and why? Answers: 1.The entire supply chain system (internal and external) is strategically controlled by Apple concerning its subcontractors (example, Foxconn). The designers of designing department in Apple, persistently present in the factory premises of suppliers to translate the prototypes in mass production in effective manner. Subsequently, the products or devices of Apple are offered in a restricted number of configurations, and this aspect or feature allows the supply chain to be more responsive or supple(Crandall, Crandall, Charli, 2014). The capabilities as well as organizational processes of Apple are assimilated because the processes which are going to be carried out are determined through the capabilities. This facilitates Apple`s assimilated supply chain to trail the life cycle of iPhone for a period of one year. As due to the feature of perishable product, iPhone requires flexible processes and supply chain to outstrip it`s time to market. The difference which set part Apple from its competitors, as the competitors of apple have distinct accountability and RD department for each product segment, however there is high assimilation of information system, accounting processes and RD department in Apple. This assimilation facilitates in enhancing the information flow and innovations as well( Kerzner, 2009). Additionally, Apple use to invest enormously in RD. These strategic choices or high investments by Apple, makes it more expensive for its competitors to compete. 2.Apple avails benefits from the way it manages the operations of its supply chain. Apple use to create joint ventures with the suppliers for its products; this joint venture helps in producing the products which are required by Apple. For instance, Apple established relation with its suppliers or subcontractors and the designers worked with the suppliers to create the product more effective as the cohesive work done by the Apple designers and the suppliers facilitated in mass production by transforming the prototypes effectively(Segall, 2011). Another example related with the benefits which is related with managing the operation of supply chain is related with the logistics, as the queries of the customers related with error in product are solved by the company promptly and this create satisfaction among the customers which is one of the advantage for Apple which gained through managing its supply chain operations. 3.The challenges which are going to be face by Apple in future would be related to the sustained origination of its supply chain systems beside this Apple would also have to concentrate on the cost which incurs on the manufacturing of the products which are potentially worthless. Innovation is require in the products in order to draw the attention of the customers. In addition to this, Apple might also face the challenge related with overhead cost related with manufacturing of products(Hossenlopp, 2010). As, enormous investment is made by Apple in its research and development department. This investment is made by Apple with an objective for creating more developed product, but high investment in RD department could lead to increase the manufacturing cost of products and this can be a challenge for Apple in future, as the increase in manufacturing cost will lead to high price of the end product and this may not be accepted by customers(Li, 2014). Ethical issue can also be challenge i n future for Apple, as for production of products, company requires huge labor force. Subcontractors hire temporary labors and lay of the labors when the manufacturing process is finished. This might create ethical issue as the labors are not treated fairly and this situation could also draw the attention of public and may bring down the confidence of customers. The implications for the supply chain of Apple could be related with the product`s sales estimation. As, in case the estimation in sale goes wrong then it can affect a number of process and supply chain is one of them. Mistake in estimation of sales could lead to fluctuations as well as layoffs in its supply chain. 4.As Jessica grant I, would like to recommend Philip Duchene to clamp the percentage of stock of Apple unaffected in MXE`s portfolio in the meantime it would be better to reach at some conclusion after an additional investigation on product as well as technology development by Apple. Although the products offered by Apple are less innovative but the focus can be laid on the iPhone series as these series of product catch attention of the customers and in turn could enhance the benefit for the company. I would also like to recommend, to look at the companies which are doing business with Apple. As, the prices of the stock of these companies will depend upon the large order from Apple. Supplier companies which are doing business with Apple could be added to BXE`s portfolio, because of their high revenue generation from Apple. The companies (supplier companies) which are well doing business with Apple can be introduced to the portfolio of BXE as they could be helpful in promoting growth of the firm. References Kerzner, H. (2009). Project Management. John Wiley Sons. Crandall, R., Crandall, W., Charli. (2014). Principles of Supply Chain Management. CRC Press. Hossenlopp, R. (2010). Organizational Project Management: Linking Strategy and Projects. Management Concepts Inc. Lehmann, O. (2016). Situational Project Management: The Dynamics of Success and Failure. CRC Press. Li, L. (2014). Managing Supply Chain and Logistics. World Scientific Publishing Co Inc. Segall, K. (2011). Insanely Simple: The Obsession That Drives Apple's Success. Penguin UK.

The Great Global Warming Swindle Essay Example

The Great Global Warming Swindle Paper Position Paper: a Great Global Warming Swindle As far as could remember, since elementary it has always been discussed in my science class that greenhouse gases cause global warming and that carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. It has been like that for like Forever? My mother told me once that one time when she went to Baggie, snow fell. I really dont know if she was telling the truth but being a child, I believed her. When she told me that stow, I guess I was 5 years old. During those times, going out in the sun during 9 oclock in the morning is still safe and it wont bring you any harm. The suns rays were still friendly. Comparing those mimes to the present time, one would note that: there were lesser vehicles; electricity was not a major major commodity; we have more trees and forests; deforestation and kayaking were not that rampant Generally, we were living a simple, echo-friendly and less innovative kind of life. Nowadays, our way of life has improved but it had adverse effects. The one that has been greatly affected was the environment. As our way of living continues to improve, so does the temperature. The temperature improves in the way that it continues increasing. As men find ways in improving their way f living, they intentionally and unintentionally destroy the environment -? the increase in global temperature seems to go with it. Basing on what is happening today and on what had happened, it seems very logical that global warming may really be man-made. It seems to be caused greatly by mans activities. Man has been destroying the Earth and global warming is one of the indicators that it is indeed in the verge of destruction. But the point of A Great Global Warming Swindle? is that the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere is much greater than the amount of carbon oxide. So what? you may ask. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Global Warming Swindle specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Global Warming Swindle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Global Warming Swindle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It matters because, as a matter of fact, water vapor itself is a greenhouse gas. This somehow piqued my curiosity. Was I wrong for believing that global warming is man-made? To feed mans curiosity there are two things, among all innovations and inventions, that were proven to be very helpful -? research and the internet. Though research in high school has deprived me of one factor essential in a persons biological growth -? that is sleep -? I did a little of it to support my stand by basing on the opinions of others. Here is a summary of what I have read from different sources Although the documentary was welcomed by global warming skeptics, it was criticized by scientific organizations and individual scientists (including two of the films contributors). The films critics argued that it had misused and fabricated data, relied on out-of-date research, employed misleading arguments, and misrepresented the position of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate They completely misrepresented me. My views were distorted by the context in which they placed them. I was misled as to what it was going to be about. I was told about six months ago that this was to be a programmer about how complicated it is to understand what is going on. If they had told me even the title of the programmer, I would have absolutely refused to be on it. I am the one who has been swindled (Professor Carl Hunch, Pure Propaganda -? The Great Global Warming. ) In other words, ICC does not initiate the warnings, but acts as an amplifier once they are underway. (Professor Asseverating, pure Propaganda -? The Great Global Warming. ) According to some, the documentary might have wrongly presented or misinterpreted the ideas of the scientists and the data they have gathered. They might have spread absurd arguments and have caused great confusion, especially to the viewers. To others, the documentary might have been enlightenment to what is really happening. But in the end, it is up for us to choose which side we are going to believe. It does not matter if you are the only one who seems to have a different view compared to others. Always remember, there are no wrong opinions Only those that oppose everyone elses.